Turkish Political Life from Pre- Islamic period to 2002

Turkish Political Life from Pre- Islamic period to 2002 This essay includes the Pre- Islamic period of Turkey and all important events in Turkish policy till 2002 in order, with some details in it. Firstly, let’s start from Pre- Islamic period. Starting with the Ottoman period “Secular” law was used in administration while the ordinary people were facing the “Sharia” law in classical Ottoman era; there was a hierarchy in Ottoman Period where Sultan has an absolute control and after him prime minister, so the Sultan has an absolute control over the state. Ottoman period was pre modern period when there was a hierarchy, in the administration they held there was a soldiers, bureaucrats and clergymen who were in the highest position while people were in lowest. Economy of the Ottoman was held on wars and taxes, taxes were taking from Muslims and non-Muslims when Non-Muslims were paying more taxes. The Ottoman economy was disrupted by inflation, caused by the influx of precious metals into Europe from the Americas and by an increasing imbalance of trade between East and West. Despite military reforms, the Ottoman Army met with disastrous defeat in the Italo-Turkish War and the Balkan Wars, resulting in the Ottomans being driven out of North Africa and nearly out of Europe. Siding with Germany in World War I may have been the most significant reason for the Ottoman Empire's demise. Before the war, the Ottoman Empire had signed a secret treaty with Germany, which turned out to be a very bad choice. Republic of Turkey and post Ataturk period. Army, official bureaucrats, Islamists and ethnic minorities were important figures while Turkish Republic was found in 1923; the government was formed from the Ankara-based revolutionary group, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his colleagues. The one-party period of the Republic of Turkey began with the formal establishment of the country in 1923. The Republican People's Party (CHP) was the only party between 1923 and 1945, when the National Development Party was established. After Atatürk's death on November 10, 1938, Ismet Inönü became his successor. He began his stint in office as a recognized character of the Independence War, but he lost some of his popularity and support due to internal power struggles and external circumstances such as the World War, which produced a shortage of products in the country. Nazi Germany made a concerted effort in the late 1930s to push anti-Soviet propaganda in Turkey while also exerting economic pressure. In order to outmaneuver Germany, Britain and France negotiated a tripartite treaty in 1939. They provided Turkey with a line of credit to purchase war weapons from the West as well as a loan to help with commodity purchases. Turkey maintained its neutrality in the face of threats from Germany and Russia.