Indian Pirsoners.give your opinion
Indian Pirsoners. give your opinion RnGMk
Changes in a society demand changes in the way of maintaining social order. The techniques of social control are also adjusted to changed situations, as no system of social control works perfectly. People often deviate from social and legal norms, although non-conformity varies greatly in form and frequency.
Though deviation is perceived as a threat to social stability yet attitude towards deviants keeps on changing with change in beliefs in the causes of deviant behaviour in general and crime in particular. There was a time when crime was attributed to the possession of an individual by evil spirits.
Then, it came to be believed that crime was the result of biological defect, mental illness, defective social environment, or of conflicting sets of norms and values, and so forth. With such changes in attitude towards crime, general attitude towards criminals and particularly with regard to punishing criminals, has also kept on changing.
With this change over time, the functions of prisons have also changed from custodial, to coercive, to corrective. In early India, jails functioned on the principle of custodial care.
With the assertion that a jail for confinement and not for punishment, prisons were concerned simply with holding prisoners while they waited for trial during the medieval and early British periods, emphasis came to be laid on retributive and deterrent aspects of punishment.
Physical torture, social degradation and restrictions on freedom were among the programmes used for inflicting pain on criminals. Prisons were primarily used as penal institutions. No attention was paid to differences in age, sex, nature of crime, criminal background or mental status of the offenders.
It was only after the recommendations of the Jail Reforms Committee of 1919 were accepted that conditions in prisons gradually improved and prisons came to be used for corrective purposes, i. e. , for bringing offenders round to becoming good citizens through discipline of work, education, and moral instructions.
Changes
in a society demand
changes
in the way of maintaining
social
order. The techniques of
social
control are
also
adjusted to
changed
situations, as no system of
social
control works
perfectly
.
People
often
deviate from
social
and legal norms, although non-conformity varies
greatly
in form and frequency.
Though deviation
is perceived
as a threat to
social
stability
yet
attitude towards deviants
keeps
on changing with
change
in beliefs in the causes of deviant
behaviour
in general
and
crime
in particular
. There was a time when
crime
was attributed
to the possession of an individual by evil spirits.
Then, it came to
be believed
that
crime
was the result of biological defect, mental illness, defective
social
environment, or of conflicting sets of norms and values, and
so
forth. With such
changes
in attitude towards
crime
, general attitude towards
criminals
and
particularly
with regard to punishing
criminals
, has
also
kept
on changing.
With this
change
over time, the functions of
prisons
have
also
changed
from custodial,
to coercive, to
corrective. In early India, jails functioned on the principle of custodial care.
With the assertion that a jail for confinement and not for punishment,
prisons
were concerned
simply
with holding prisoners while they waited for trial during the medieval and early British periods, emphasis came to
be laid
on retributive and deterrent aspects of punishment.
Physical torture,
social
degradation and restrictions on freedom were among the
programmes
used
for inflicting pain on
criminals
.
Prisons
were
primarily
used
as penal institutions. No attention
was paid
to differences in age, sex, nature of
crime
,
criminal
background or mental status of the offenders.
It was
only
after the recommendations of the Jail Reforms Committee of 1919 were
accepted
that conditions in
prisons
gradually
improved
and
prisons
came to be
used
for corrective purposes,
i. e.
,
for bringing offenders round to becoming
good
citizens through discipline of work, education, and moral instructions.
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