Should we stop transferring oil via oceans

Oil is the fuel we use to heat our homes, generate electricity, and power many parts of our economy, politics, and society. Over the past few decades especially on December 15, 1976, history recorded the first oil spill in the world, near Nantucket Shoals in Massachusetts [1] that resulted in huge destruction. This disaster was a reason to consider oil spills as a problem that needs urgent intervention to be solved. As a response to this problem, countries must stop transferring oil via oceans and instead of that develop a pipeline network that links oil fields and export terminals as UAE did Abu Dhabi Crude Oil Pipeline (ADCOP) [2]. Many argue that the only way to transfer oil is via oceans and they might seem that it is safe. However, in this essay, I will argue the impact of oil spills in both economic and ecological terms as well as in human health. transferring oil can cause an ecological impact. First of all, cause harm to marine life. When oil ships lose control oil spilled into an aquatic environment. This oil covers the sea surface and harms the organism that lives on or around the surface [3]. They start to absorb the oil and poison as well, it avoids adequate amounts of sunlight from entering the surface, and that decreases the level of oxygen [4]. For example, the laboratory observations of the San Francisco oil spill that happened on January 18, 1971, determined that marine organisms died from being stifled by the oil [ ]. Second, it causes air pollution, the fumes that come out of the trading ships increase the Greenhouse gases and co2 and that impacts the atmosphere and grow the ozone depletion. By trapping heat, they cause climate change. Other implications of climate change linked by greenhouse gases include extreme weather, food supply shortages, and increasing wildfires [5]. Finally, cause harm to birds. The Sea surface is one of the main sources of water for coastal birds. They are especially vulnerable because the oil covers the surface of the ocean, where they feed furthermore, the coastal bird's feathers can be covered with oil and that can sully their eggs and chicks with oil [6]. In addition to the ecological effects, transferring oil via oceans minimizes the economy. one reason is the need for a high budget. While oceans are covered with oil countries must step in and take the responsibility of recovering the oceans. This can be done by using machines and a developing technology which need a high budget furthermore paying compensation for recovering and purifying water from oil is very expensive. This requires a lot of time and effort, but time is not on our side. The more oil remains, the more marina life is affected [ ]. The other reason is the destruction of the fishing industry. Fish within the region of an oil spill, fish from that range cannot be sent to markets or sold to people who might eat them. Only when testing shows that fish are now not contaminated would they be allowed to be sold for humans. also, this oil spill can cause the extinction of fish, and this increases the possibility of destroying the fishing industry [7]. The decline in the fishing industry is caused by various marine issues, including water contamination and environmental corruption and all of that might result from oil spills [8]. Most significantly, there is always a chance of a threat to public health by exposure to oil and gas. After an oil spill, there are several direct and indirect effects on the health of the surrounding society. Firstly, exposure to oil by eating contaminated seafood [ ] shows that oil spills can affect the respiratory system, cause liver damage, and increase the chance of cancer risk. It depends on the amount of oil the Symptoms could be severe if there is a huge amount of oil in the human body they can be ingested during feeding or when a fouled animal is grooming. Secondly, by destroying the food chain after an oil spill, unsafe chemicals are released into the surrounding water, land, and air. this can affect the environment where many factories may be affected within this act such as plants, animals, and humans. Therefore, direct skin contact with the oil causes serious distortions problems that will need a lot of time to cure or might last forever [9]. Finally, by Inhalation of the chemicals that come from oils. Exposure can occur via inhalation and ingestion of liquid droplets in the air. Some of the health impacts will be long-term and may endure a lifetime or harm future generations especially If the woman was pregnant [9]. For instance, Karnes County is now a top crude oil producer in Texas, A lot of people noticed there had been a lot of changes in the community and when they talk about their health issues, they were saying that we weren't feeling this before the oil-producing [10].