Burden of Sarcopenia in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Patients from Hospital to Home: Importance, Mechanism and Controlling – A Comprehensive Review
Burden of Sarcopenia in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Patients from Hospital to Home: Importance, Mechanism and Controlling – A Comprehensive Review OnEnE
COVID19 became a worldwide pandemic with a high hospitalisation rate in March 2020. Although a suitable effective treatment method for COVID-19 is still lacking, Sarcopenia can sever the clinical outcomes and increase mortality risks during hospitalisation. In addition to the hospital, sarcopenia can lead patients to severe physical disabilities at higher ages. The COVID-19 infection and sarcopenia mechanism concentrate on the same inflammation, hormone change, hospitalisation, and malnutrition pathway. This similar pathway puts the COVID-19 patients at a higher risk of sarcopenia, increasing mortality and morbidity. Strategising to concentrate on sarcopenia and nutritional monitoring using SARC-F, PG-SGA, MNA tools as well as EWGSOP sarcopenia criteria could be the best method of diagnosis. Enteral Nutrition and oral nutrition therapy (at least 30 kcal energy and 1. 2-grams of protein per kilogram body weight), having daily in-bed physical training, and psychological interventions in COVID-19 hospitalised patients are vital. Nevertheless, Sarcopenia is not limited to the hospital and can continue developing long after the discharge of COVID-19 patients. The main reason could be the sarcopenia muscle-fat interaction cycle, continued malnutrition, depression, and low physical activities after the discharge. This situation makes continuous follow-up sarcopenia monitoring and interventions of these patients after discharge necessary until the removal of risks. Otherwise, a higher prevalence of Sarcopenia and, as a result, higher morbidity, mortality, dependency, and disabilities in survived COVID-19 patients can be expected.
COVID19
became a worldwide pandemic with a high
hospitalisation
rate in March 2020. Although a suitable effective treatment method for COVID-19 is
still
lacking,
Sarcopenia
can sever the clinical outcomes and increase mortality
risks
during
hospitalisation
.
In addition
to the hospital,
sarcopenia
can lead
patients
to severe physical disabilities at higher ages. The COVID-19 infection and
sarcopenia
mechanism concentrate on the same inflammation, hormone
change
,
hospitalisation
, and malnutrition pathway. This similar pathway puts the COVID-19
patients
at a higher
risk
of
sarcopenia
, increasing mortality and morbidity.
Strategising
to concentrate on
sarcopenia
and nutritional monitoring using
SARC-F
, PG-SGA, MNA tools
as well
as
EWGSOP
sarcopenia
criteria could be the best method of diagnosis. Enteral Nutrition and oral nutrition therapy (at least 30 kcal energy and 1.
2-grams
of protein per kilogram body weight), having daily in-bed physical training, and psychological interventions in COVID-19
hospitalised
patients
are vital.
Nevertheless
,
Sarcopenia
is not limited to the hospital and can continue developing long after the discharge of COVID-19
patients
. The main reason could be the
sarcopenia
muscle-
fat
interaction cycle, continued malnutrition, depression, and low physical activities after the discharge. This situation
makes
continuous follow-up
sarcopenia
monitoring and interventions of these
patients
after discharge necessary until the removal of
risks
.
Otherwise
, a higher prevalence of
Sarcopenia
and,
as a result
, higher morbidity, mortality, dependency, and disabilities in survived COVID-19
patients
can be
expected
.
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